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2025 YamStudy pool
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Which botanical family contains true yams?
  • Solanaceae (0% chose this)
  • Dioscoreaceae (0% chose this)
  • Convolvulaceae (0% chose this)
  • Poaceae (0% chose this)
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What family does the sweet potato belong to?
  • Dioscoreaceae (0% chose this)
  • Solanaceae (0% chose this)
  • Convolvulaceae (0% chose this)
  • Fabaceae (0% chose this)
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What is the scientific name for the most commonly cultivated true yam species?
  • Ipomoea batatas (0% chose this)
  • Solanum tuberosum (0% chose this)
  • Manihot esculenta (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is a key visual characteristic that distinguishes true yams from sweet potatoes?
  • Rough, bark-like skin with white to yellow flesh (0% chose this)
  • Smooth, red skin with orange flesh (0% chose this)
  • Green skin with purple interior (0% chose this)
  • Blue skin with yellow interior (0% chose this)
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What is the primary difference in growth habit between true yams and sweet potatoes?
  • Sweet potatoes grow on trees, yams grow underground (0% chose this)
  • Yams grow in water, sweet potatoes on land (0% chose this)
  • Yams have a single large tuber, sweet potatoes produce multiple storage roots (0% chose this)
  • Yams grow primarily in temperate climates, sweet potatoes in tropical zones (0% chose this)
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What is the primary reason for confusion between sweet potatoes and yams in North America?
  • They are genetically identical plants (0% chose this)
  • The term "yam" was historically used for marketing orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (0% chose this)
  • They can cross-pollinate to create hybrids (0% chose this)
  • They were classified as the same species until 1985 (0% chose this)
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Which characteristic best differentiates the internal texture of a true yam from a sweet potato?
  • Sweet potatoes are always sweeter (0% chose this)
  • Yams are always purple inside (0% chose this)
  • Sweet potatoes are never starchy (0% chose this)
  • Yams are typically drier and starchier (0% chose this)
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What nutritional difference is typically found between true yams and sweet potatoes?
  • Sweet potatoes are higher in beta-carotene (0% chose this)
  • Yams have no carbohydrates (0% chose this)
  • Sweet potatoes have no protein (0% chose this)
  • Yams are a significant source of vitamin C (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of all true yams but not sweet potatoes?
  • Orange flesh (0% chose this)
  • Ability to be eaten raw (0% chose this)
  • Underground tubers with annual vines (0% chose this)
  • High beta-carotene content (0% chose this)
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How do true yams differ from sweet potatoes in their growth cycle?
  • Yams mature in 30 days, sweet potatoes take 120 days (0% chose this)
  • Yams typically require a longer growing season than sweet potatoes (0% chose this)
  • Sweet potatoes can only be planted in spring, yams in fall (0% chose this)
  • Yams produce fruit above ground, sweet potatoes do not (0% chose this)
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Which statement is correct regarding the origin of true yams versus sweet potatoes?
  • Both originated in North America (0% chose this)
  • Both originated in Europe (0% chose this)
  • Sweet potatoes originated in Africa, yams in South America (0% chose this)
  • True yams originated primarily in Africa and Asia, sweet potatoes in the Americas (0% chose this)
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Which yam species is the most widely cultivated in West Africa?
  • Dioscorea rotundata (White Guinea yam) (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea alata (Water yam) (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea bulbifera (Air potato) (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea esculenta (Lesser yam) (0% chose this)
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Which yam variety is known as "ñame" in the Caribbean and parts of Latin America?
  • Dioscorea japonica (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea bulbifera (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea trifida (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea nummularia (0% chose this)
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Which yam species is native to Asia and known for its large size and purple flesh varieties?
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea bulbifera (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea cayennensis (0% chose this)
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What yam variety is known as "air potato" or "aerial yam" due to its distinctive growth habit?
  • Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea esculenta (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea bulbifera (0% chose this)
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Which yam species is known as the "bitter yam" and requires special processing to remove toxins?
  • Dioscorea dumetorum (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea esculenta (0% chose this)
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What variety of yam is commonly called "Chinese yam" or "cinnamon vine"?
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea polystachya (formerly D. opposita) (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea trifida (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea cayennensis (0% chose this)
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Which of the following yam species is native to the Amazon region?
  • Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea trifida (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea japonica (0% chose this)
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What is the common name for Dioscorea cayennensis?
  • Water yam (0% chose this)
  • Lesser yam (0% chose this)
  • White Guinea yam (0% chose this)
  • Yellow Guinea yam (0% chose this)
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Which yam species is sometimes called "winged yam" due to the shape of its tuber?
  • Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea esculenta (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea dumetorum (0% chose this)
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What physical characteristic is most commonly used to identify different yam cultivars?
  • Leaf shape only (0% chose this)
  • Tuber shape, size, flesh color, and skin characteristics (0% chose this)
  • Flower color only (0% chose this)
  • Stem height only (0% chose this)
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Which of the following describes the flesh of the Purple/Okinawan yam?
  • White with red spots (0% chose this)
  • Yellow with white streaks (0% chose this)
  • Green with purple edges (0% chose this)
  • Purple throughout with white streaks (0% chose this)
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What is a distinguishing characteristic of the Yellow Guinea yam (Dioscorea cayennensis)?
  • Yellow flesh that becomes more pronounced with age (0% chose this)
  • Blue skin with white interior (0% chose this)
  • Round, perfectly spherical tubers (0% chose this)
  • Grows only on trees, never underground (0% chose this)
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Which yam cultivar is known for its exceptionally long tubers that can grow to over 1 meter in length?
  • Purple Okinawan yam (0% chose this)
  • Round white yam (0% chose this)
  • Water yam (Dioscorea alata) (0% chose this)
  • Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) (0% chose this)
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What unique characteristic identifies the Trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum)?
  • Sweet flavor similar to bananas (0% chose this)
  • Compound leaves with three leaflets (0% chose this)
  • Blue flowers that bloom at night (0% chose this)
  • Square-shaped tubers (0% chose this)
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Which yam cultivar is identified by its small, clustered tubers rather than a single large tuber?
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea bulbifera (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea esculenta (0% chose this)
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What characteristic of yam cultivars often correlates with cooking time?
  • Moisture content (0% chose this)
  • Exterior color (0% chose this)
  • Vine length (0% chose this)
  • Leaf shape (0% chose this)
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Which term describes yam cultivars that produce aerial tubers in leaf axils?
  • Subterranean varieties (0% chose this)
  • Climbing varieties (0% chose this)
  • Bulbil-producing varieties (0% chose this)
  • Hermaphroditic varieties (0% chose this)
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What feature distinguishes the Eboe yam from other White Guinea yam cultivars?
  • Pink flesh (0% chose this)
  • Early maturation and oval shape (0% chose this)
  • Resistance to all pests (0% chose this)
  • Ability to grow in salt water (0% chose this)
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Which characteristic helps identify the Japanese mountain yam (Dioscorea japonica)?
  • Red skin with white dots (0% chose this)
  • Always perfectly round (0% chose this)
  • Contains no starch (0% chose this)
  • Mucilaginous texture when grated (0% chose this)
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What defines a yam variety as "heirloom"?
  • It must be officially registered with a government agency (0% chose this)
  • It must be less than 10 years old (0% chose this)
  • It has been grown for multiple generations and passed down through families (0% chose this)
  • It must have a specific flavor profile determined by a tasting panel (0% chose this)
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Which specialty yam variety is prized in Japanese cuisine for its slimy texture when grated?
  • Yamaimo (Dioscorea japonica) (0% chose this)
  • Ube (Purple yam) (0% chose this)
  • Name (Dioscorea trifida) (0% chose this)
  • White Guinea yam (0% chose this)
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What is "ube" in Filipino cuisine?
  • A type of white-fleshed yam (0% chose this)
  • A purple-fleshed yam used in desserts (0% chose this)
  • A green-skinned sweet potato (0% chose this)
  • A potato-yam hybrid (0% chose this)
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Which heirloom yam variety is traditionally cultivated in the Pacific Islands and has significant cultural importance?
  • Dioscorea dumetorum (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea cayennensis (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea nummularia (0% chose this)
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What characteristic makes the Cush-Cush yam (Dioscorea trifida) a specialty variety?
  • It grows only at elevations above 5,000 feet (0% chose this)
  • It can be harvested after only 30 days (0% chose this)
  • Its fine texture and exceptional flavor (0% chose this)
  • Its blue-colored skin and flesh (0% chose this)
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Which heirloom yam variety is known for its resistance to yam mosaic virus?
  • Certain cultivars of Dioscorea rotundata (0% chose this)
  • All varieties of Dioscorea alata (0% chose this)
  • Only Dioscorea dumetorum (0% chose this)
  • All cultivars of Dioscorea bulbifera (0% chose this)
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What distinguishes "old-fashioned" yam varieties from modern commercial cultivars?
  • Old varieties are always smaller (0% chose this)
  • Traditional varieties often have more diversity in flavor and texture (0% chose this)
  • Heirloom varieties contain no starch (0% chose this)
  • Old varieties cannot be stored for more than one week (0% chose this)
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Which specialty yam variety contains naturally occurring anthocyanins that give it a distinctive color?
  • White Guinea yam (0% chose this)
  • Yellow Guinea yam (0% chose this)
  • Chinese yam (0% chose this)
  • Purple water yam (0% chose this)
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How are yams primarily classified botanically?
  • By genus and species in the family Dioscoreaceae (0% chose this)
  • By color and shape only (0% chose this)
  • By country of origin only (0% chose this)
  • By cooking method (0% chose this)
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What is the basis for the traditional West African classification system for yams?
  • Scientific genetic analysis (0% chose this)
  • Leaf shape only (0% chose this)
  • Characteristics such as maturity period, tuber shape, and culinary properties (0% chose this)
  • Random naming by village elders (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is NOT a common basis for farmers' classification of yam varieties?
  • Tuber characteristics (0% chose this)
  • DNA sequencing results (0% chose this)
  • Growth habit (0% chose this)
  • Cooking quality (0% chose this)
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What modern approach has been used to verify traditional yam classification systems?
  • Consumer taste tests only (0% chose this)
  • Visual inspection only (0% chose this)
  • Growth rate measurement only (0% chose this)
  • Molecular genetic analysis (0% chose this)
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Which organization has established international standards for yam germplasm classification?
  • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (0% chose this)
  • World Yam Protection Agency (0% chose this)
  • Global Tuber Classification Consortium (0% chose this)
  • United Nations Yam Resources Department (0% chose this)
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How are cultivated yam varieties typically classified in agricultural systems?
  • Only by botanical species (0% chose this)
  • Only by continent of origin (0% chose this)
  • By a combination of species, agronomic traits, and local names (0% chose this)
  • Only by harvest date (0% chose this)
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What classification challenge is common with traditional yam landraces?
  • They are all genetically identical (0% chose this)
  • Similar varieties may have different local names in different regions (0% chose this)
  • They cannot be grown in experimental stations (0% chose this)
  • They are always immune to all diseases (0% chose this)
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Which classification approach combines traditional farmer knowledge with scientific analysis?
  • Purely molecular classification (0% chose this)
  • Random classification (0% chose this)
  • Computer-only classification (0% chose this)
  • Ethno-botanical classification (0% chose this)
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What system is used to maintain records of yam genetic resources in germplasm banks?
  • Accession numbers linked to passport data (0% chose this)
  • Random numerical assignment (0% chose this)
  • Alphabetical listing only (0% chose this)
  • Classification by weight only (0% chose this)
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What soil type is most suitable for yam cultivation?
  • Heavy clay soil (0% chose this)
  • Sandy soil with poor drainage (0% chose this)
  • Well-drained, fertile loamy soil (0% chose this)
  • Alkaline soil with high salt content (0% chose this)
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What is the optimal soil pH range for yam cultivation?
  • 5.5 to 6.5 (0% chose this)
  • 7.5 to 8.5 (0% chose this)
  • 3.0 to 4.0 (0% chose this)
  • 9.0 to 10.0 (0% chose this)
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What traditional soil preparation technique is specifically used for yam cultivation in West Africa?
  • Slash and burn only (0% chose this)
  • Mounding or making yam heaps (0% chose this)
  • Deep plowing with tractors (0% chose this)
  • Flooding fields before planting (0% chose this)
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How deep should soil be tilled for optimal yam production?
  • 5-10 cm (2-4 inches) (0% chose this)
  • 10-15 cm (4-6 inches) (0% chose this)
  • 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) (0% chose this)
  • 25-30 cm (10-12 inches) or more (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is NOT recommended in soil preparation for yams?
  • Adding organic matter (0% chose this)
  • Ensuring good drainage (0% chose this)
  • Compacting the soil firmly (0% chose this)
  • Breaking up clods and removing stones (0% chose this)
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What role do mounds play in traditional yam cultivation?
  • They provide good drainage and loose soil for tuber expansion (0% chose this)
  • They protect against frost damage (0% chose this)
  • They prevent pollen cross-contamination (0% chose this)
  • They reduce water requirements (0% chose this)
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What is the optimal soil organic matter content for yam production?
  • Less than 1% (0% chose this)
  • Between 2% and 5% (0% chose this)
  • Exactly 10% (0% chose this)
  • Greater than 15% (0% chose this)
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Which practice helps maintain soil fertility in yam production systems?
  • Continuous monocropping (0% chose this)
  • Removing all crop residues (0% chose this)
  • Avoiding all organic inputs (0% chose this)
  • Crop rotation with legumes (0% chose this)
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What traditional soil conservation technique is often paired with yam cultivation in tropical regions?
  • Alley cropping (0% chose this)
  • Deep ripping (0% chose this)
  • Flood irrigation (0% chose this)
  • Permanent bare fallow (0% chose this)
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What should be avoided when selecting a site for yam cultivation?
  • Areas with morning sun (0% chose this)
  • Loamy soil (0% chose this)
  • Waterlogged areas with poor drainage (0% chose this)
  • Areas with previous legume crops (0% chose this)
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What is the primary planting material used for yam propagation?
  • Seeds (0% chose this)
  • Tuber pieces (setts) (0% chose this)
  • Stem cuttings (0% chose this)
  • Root cuttings (0% chose this)
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What is the recommended size for yam setts (pieces) used as planting material?
  • 10-20 grams (0% chose this)
  • 20-30 grams (0% chose this)
  • 30-50 grams (0% chose this)
  • 50-100 grams (0% chose this)
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What treatment is commonly applied to yam setts before planting to prevent rot and disease?
  • Fungicide dusting or dipping (0% chose this)
  • Soaking in hot water (100°C) (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to direct sunlight for 48 hours (0% chose this)
  • Freezing for 24 hours (0% chose this)
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What is "milking" in yam cultivation?
  • Extracting sap from yam vines (0% chose this)
  • Irrigating with diluted milk solution (0% chose this)
  • Harvesting tubers while leaving the root system intact for a second harvest (0% chose this)
  • The first stage of yam processing (0% chose this)
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What is the optimal planting depth for yam setts?
  • Surface planting (0 cm) (0% chose this)
  • 5-10 cm (2-4 inches) (0% chose this)
  • 30-40 cm (12-16 inches) (0% chose this)
  • 60-75 cm (24-30 inches) (0% chose this)
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Which innovative technique is used to produce clean planting material for yams?
  • Boiling setts before planting (0% chose this)
  • Using only wild yams as planting material (0% chose this)
  • Planting during full moon only (0% chose this)
  • Tissue culture and minisett technology (0% chose this)
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What is the recommended spacing between yam mounds or ridges in traditional cultivation?
  • 1 meter by 1 meter (0% chose this)
  • 10 centimeters by 10 centimeters (0% chose this)
  • 5 meters by 5 meters (0% chose this)
  • 30 centimeters by 30 centimeters (0% chose this)
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What planting system is used to maximize yam yield in small spaces?
  • Broadcasting setts randomly (0% chose this)
  • Planting in deep trenches (0% chose this)
  • Stake or trellis systems for vine support (0% chose this)
  • Underwater planting (0% chose this)
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Which part of the yam tuber is preferred for use as planting material?
  • The middle section only (0% chose this)
  • The head (proximal) portion with buds (0% chose this)
  • The tail (distal) portion only (0% chose this)
  • Only the skin, removing all flesh (0% chose this)
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What characteristic of yam setts indicates they are suitable for planting?
  • Soft texture and dark coloration (0% chose this)
  • Evidence of decay and mold (0% chose this)
  • Complete dehydration (0% chose this)
  • Presence of viable buds or sprouts (0% chose this)
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What is the purpose of pre-sprouting yam setts before field planting?
  • To identify viable planting material and ensure uniform emergence (0% chose this)
  • To reduce the size of the harvested tubers (0% chose this)
  • To prevent flowering (0% chose this)
  • To eliminate all female plants (0% chose this)
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What is the typical length of the growth cycle for most cultivated yam species?
  • 30-60 days (0% chose this)
  • 60-90 days (0% chose this)
  • 8-11 months (0% chose this)
  • 2-3 years (0% chose this)
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What is the first visible stage of yam development after planting setts?
  • Sprouting and emergence of vines (0% chose this)
  • Flowering (0% chose this)
  • Tuber formation (0% chose this)
  • Seed production (0% chose this)
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During what stage of growth do yams begin significant tuber enlargement?
  • Immediately after planting (0% chose this)
  • After vine establishment, typically 2-3 months after planting (0% chose this)
  • Only after flowering is complete (0% chose this)
  • During the last week before harvest (0% chose this)
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What environmental factor most strongly triggers tuber initiation in yams?
  • High nitrogen levels (0% chose this)
  • High phosphorus levels (0% chose this)
  • High temperatures (0% chose this)
  • Photoperiod (day length) (0% chose this)
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What happens to yam vines toward the end of the growth cycle?
  • They produce edible fruits (0% chose this)
  • They transform into new tubers (0% chose this)
  • They senesce and die back (0% chose this)
  • They detach and form new plants (0% chose this)
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What is the relationship between vine growth and tuber development in yams?
  • Healthy vine growth is necessary before significant tuber bulking occurs (0% chose this)
  • Vines and tubers grow at exactly the same rate (0% chose this)
  • Vines grow only after tubers are fully formed (0% chose this)
  • Vine growth and tuber growth are completely independent (0% chose this)
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What growth characteristic of yam vines requires management in cultivation?
  • Their tendency to grow underground (0% chose this)
  • Their climbing nature and need for support (0% chose this)
  • Their poisonous thorns (0% chose this)
  • Their inability to grow more than 30 cm tall (0% chose this)
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Which statement best describes yam root system development?
  • Yams develop only a single tap root (0% chose this)
  • Yams have no roots, only tubers (0% chose this)
  • Yam roots grow only from the tuber surface (0% chose this)
  • Yams develop adventitious roots from the planted sett and from nodes on new stems (0% chose this)
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What physiological process marks the transition from vegetative growth to storage organ development in yams?
  • Photoassimilate partitioning shift from vines to tubers (0% chose this)
  • Complete cessation of leaf growth (0% chose this)
  • Development of flowers (0% chose this)
  • Color change in the leaves from green to red (0% chose this)
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Which pest causes the most significant yield losses in yam production globally?
  • Grasshoppers (0% chose this)
  • Yam nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and others) (0% chose this)
  • Fruit flies (0% chose this)
  • Spider mites (0% chose this)
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What is the primary symptom of anthracnose disease in yams?
  • Yellow tubers (0% chose this)
  • Root galls (0% chose this)
  • Black leaf spots and dieback (0% chose this)
  • Blue coloration of stems (0% chose this)
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Which virus is considered the most damaging to yam crops?
  • Yam mosaic virus (0% chose this)
  • Tobacco mosaic virus (0% chose this)
  • Cauliflower mosaic virus (0% chose this)
  • Cucumber mosaic virus (0% chose this)
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What is the most effective cultural practice to manage yam beetles?
  • Midnight harvesting (0% chose this)
  • Playing loud music in fields (0% chose this)
  • Spraying with sugar water (0% chose this)
  • Crop rotation and field sanitation (0% chose this)
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Which storage pest can cause significant post-harvest losses in yam tubers?
  • Termites (0% chose this)
  • Yam beetles (Heteroligus spp.) (0% chose this)
  • Fruit flies (0% chose this)
  • Bollworms (0% chose this)
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What is the appropriate management approach for yam nematode prevention?
  • Increasing field moisture (0% chose this)
  • Increasing soil alkalinity (0% chose this)
  • Using clean planting material and crop rotation (0% chose this)
  • Adding more nitrogen fertilizer (0% chose this)
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What caused the "internal brown spot" disease in yams?
  • Fungal infection (Botryodiplodia theobromae) (0% chose this)
  • Calcium deficiency (0% chose this)
  • Excessive watering (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to direct sunlight (0% chose this)
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Which integrated pest management technique is used for controlling yam diseases?
  • Calendar-based weekly pesticide application regardless of pest presence (0% chose this)
  • Removing all wildlife from the area (0% chose this)
  • Planting in exactly the same location each year (0% chose this)
  • Using resistant varieties combined with cultural controls (0% chose this)
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What fungi causes tuber rot during yam storage?
  • Rhizobium species (0% chose this)
  • Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus species (0% chose this)
  • Saccharomyces species (0% chose this)
  • Lactobacillus species (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is NOT an effective traditional practice for managing yam pests?
  • Intercropping with pest-repellent plants (0% chose this)
  • Appropriate crop rotation (0% chose this)
  • Planting during full moon (0% chose this)
  • Using wood ash on planting material (0% chose this)
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What is the most environmentally sustainable approach to yam disease management?
  • Integrated disease management using resistant varieties and cultural practices (0% chose this)
  • Weekly application of broad-spectrum fungicides (0% chose this)
  • Daily application of insecticides (0% chose this)
  • Complete sterilization of soil before planting (0% chose this)
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What is the primary indicator that yams are ready for harvest?
  • Flowering of the vines (0% chose this)
  • Senescence (yellowing and dying back) of the vines (0% chose this)
  • Exactly 90 days after planting regardless of variety (0% chose this)
  • First appearance of new shoots (0% chose this)
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How long after planting are most varieties of Dioscorea rotundata (white yam) typically harvested?
  • 2-3 months (0% chose this)
  • 4-5 months (0% chose this)
  • 6-7 months (0% chose this)
  • 8-11 months (0% chose this)
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What traditional technique is used to determine if yams are mature enough for harvest?
  • Carefully exposing the top of the tuber to check its size (0% chose this)
  • Measuring leaf size (0% chose this)
  • Counting the exact number of leaves (0% chose this)
  • Testing soil acidity (0% chose this)
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What time of year are yams typically harvested in tropical West Africa?
  • March to April (0% chose this)
  • June to July (0% chose this)
  • November to January (0% chose this)
  • Throughout the year regardless of season (0% chose this)
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What happens to yam tuber quality if harvesting is significantly delayed after maturity?
  • They become more nutrient-dense (0% chose this)
  • They may become fibrous or begin to rot (0% chose this)
  • They transform into sweet potatoes (0% chose this)
  • They develop an ability to photosynthesize (0% chose this)
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Which factor most significantly affects the timing of yam harvests in traditional farming systems?
  • The phase of the moon (0% chose this)
  • Government regulations (0% chose this)
  • Industrial processing schedules (0% chose this)
  • Seasonal precipitation patterns (0% chose this)
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What harvest timing consideration is specific to water yams (Dioscorea alata)?
  • They can have a longer growing season than white yams (0% chose this)
  • They must be harvested before sunrise (0% chose this)
  • They must be harvested during rainfall (0% chose this)
  • They can only be harvested during full moons (0% chose this)
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Which visual indicator in the field helps farmers determine yam harvest timing?
  • Appearance of flowers on nearby trees (0% chose this)
  • Migration patterns of local birds (0% chose this)
  • Senescence of the vines and drying of leaves (0% chose this)
  • Change in soil color from brown to red (0% chose this)
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What harvest timing practice is used in the "milking" system of yam cultivation?
  • Harvesting only during morning hours when dew is present (0% chose this)
  • Early partial harvest followed by a final harvest at full maturity (0% chose this)
  • Harvesting only female plants first, followed by male plants (0% chose this)
  • Harvesting exclusively during nighttime hours (0% chose this)
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What traditional tool is commonly used for harvesting yams in smallholder farming systems?
  • Mechanical potato harvester (0% chose this)
  • Gasoline-powered auger (0% chose this)
  • Wooden digging stick or hoe (0% chose this)
  • Precision laser cutter (0% chose this)
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What technique helps minimize damage to yam tubers during harvesting?
  • Carefully removing soil from around the tuber before lifting (0% chose this)
  • Pulling directly on the vines with maximum force (0% chose this)
  • Using high-pressure water jets (0% chose this)
  • Applying heat to the soil surface (0% chose this)
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Why is care taken to avoid cuts and bruises when harvesting yams?
  • For aesthetic reasons only (0% chose this)
  • To prevent the release of toxic gases (0% chose this)
  • To maintain exact weight measurements (0% chose this)
  • To prevent infection and reduce storage losses (0% chose this)
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What characteristic of certain yam species makes them particularly challenging to harvest?
  • Their tendency to explode upon contact with air (0% chose this)
  • Their depth and potential length (some growing more than 1 meter deep) (0% chose this)
  • Their ability to move through the soil (0% chose this)
  • Their magnetic properties (0% chose this)
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Which approach is recommended when harvesting yams in heavy clay soils?
  • Flooding the field before harvesting (0% chose this)
  • Harvesting only during the hottest part of the day (0% chose this)
  • Loosening soil carefully to avoid breaking the tubers (0% chose this)
  • Using explosives to break up the soil (0% chose this)
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What should be done with the yam vines during harvest?
  • Removed and used for mulch or cut into planting sticks (0% chose this)
  • Burned immediately in the field (0% chose this)
  • Left attached to the tubers during storage (0% chose this)
  • Processed into liquid fertilizer (0% chose this)
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How does mechanized yam harvesting differ from traditional methods?
  • It must be performed underwater (0% chose this)
  • It requires planting yams on trees (0% chose this)
  • It can only be done during winter months (0% chose this)
  • It uses adapted diggers that lift and expose tubers for collection (0% chose this)
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What post-harvest field management practice is recommended in yam cultivation systems?
  • Immediate replanting of yams in the same mounds (0% chose this)
  • Planting a rotation crop or cover crop (0% chose this)
  • Leaving the field completely bare for at least one year (0% chose this)
  • Flooding the field for six months (0% chose this)
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What is the primary purpose of curing yams after harvest?
  • To heal wounds and form a protective corky layer on the skin (0% chose this)
  • To increase sugar content (0% chose this)
  • To eliminate all moisture (0% chose this)
  • To change the tuber color (0% chose this)
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What are the optimal conditions for curing freshly harvested yams?
  • 40°F (4°C) with 30% humidity (0% chose this)
  • 32°F (0°C) with 95% humidity (0% chose this)
  • 77-86°F (25-30°C) with 90-95% humidity (0% chose this)
  • 100°F (38°C) with 10% humidity (0% chose this)
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How long does the typical yam curing process take?
  • 1-2 days (0% chose this)
  • 4-7 days (0% chose this)
  • 30 days (0% chose this)
  • 90 days (0% chose this)
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Which physiological process occurs during proper yam curing?
  • Photosynthesis (0% chose this)
  • Flowering (0% chose this)
  • Seed production (0% chose this)
  • Suberization of damaged skin cells (0% chose this)
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What traditional method is used for curing yams in West Africa?
  • Leaving tubers in piles or beds covered with yam vines (0% chose this)
  • Submerging in seawater (0% chose this)
  • Exposing to direct sunlight for 72 hours (0% chose this)
  • Burying completely in clay soil (0% chose this)
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What should be avoided during the yam curing process?
  • Ventilation (0% chose this)
  • Moderate temperatures (0% chose this)
  • Direct sunlight and rainfall (0% chose this)
  • Darkness (0% chose this)
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How does proper curing affect yam storage life?
  • It reduces storage life but improves flavor (0% chose this)
  • It increases storage life by reducing water loss and decay (0% chose this)
  • It has no effect on storage but improves color (0% chose this)
  • It reduces nutritional content while improving texture (0% chose this)
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What physical change indicates that yams have been properly cured?
  • Development of sprouts (0% chose this)
  • Complete dehydration (0% chose this)
  • Change to a blue color (0% chose this)
  • Formation of a corky layer over cuts and wounds (0% chose this)
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Which approach to curing is used in commercial yam production systems?
  • Temperature and humidity controlled rooms (0% chose this)
  • Irradiation with ultraviolet light (0% chose this)
  • Vacuum sealing individual tubers (0% chose this)
  • Coating with synthetic wax (0% chose this)
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What is the relationship between curing temperature and humidity?
  • They must be inversely related (high temperature, low humidity) (0% chose this)
  • They are unrelated factors (0% chose this)
  • Both should be relatively high during curing (0% chose this)
  • Temperature should be below freezing with 100% humidity (0% chose this)
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Which process actively continues in yam tubers during the curing period?
  • Photosynthesis (0% chose this)
  • Respiration (0% chose this)
  • Flowering (0% chose this)
  • Seed production (0% chose this)
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What is the traditional yam storage structure used in West Africa?
  • Refrigerated warehouse (0% chose this)
  • Underground freezer (0% chose this)
  • Yam barn with thatched roof and open sides (0% chose this)
  • Sealed concrete bunker (0% chose this)
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What is the optimal temperature range for long-term yam storage?
  • 57-61°F (14-16°C) (0% chose this)
  • 32-35°F (0-2°C) (0% chose this)
  • 80-85°F (27-29°C) (0% chose this)
  • 100-110°F (38-43°C) (0% chose this)
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Why should yams NOT be stored with fruits like apples and bananas?
  • Risk of cross-species disease (0% chose this)
  • Flavor contamination (0% chose this)
  • Potential hybridization (0% chose this)
  • Ethylene produced by fruits accelerates yam sprouting (0% chose this)
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What is the typical maximum storage duration for properly cured and stored yams?
  • 1-2 weeks (0% chose this)
  • 4-6 months (0% chose this)
  • 2-3 years (0% chose this)
  • 10 years (0% chose this)
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Which of the following conditions should be avoided in yam storage areas?
  • Ventilation (0% chose this)
  • Darkness (0% chose this)
  • High humidity combined with poor ventilation (0% chose this)
  • Cool temperatures (0% chose this)
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What storage technique is used to prevent rodent damage to stored yams?
  • Hanging individual tubers or using raised platforms with rat guards (0% chose this)
  • Playing recorded cat sounds (0% chose this)
  • Storing underwater (0% chose this)
  • Coating tubers with hot pepper (0% chose this)
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What causes the green discoloration that sometimes develops in stored yams?
  • Normal ripening process (0% chose this)
  • Beneficial bacterial action (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to sound waves (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to light and development of chlorophyll (0% chose this)
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Which physiological process continues during yam storage and affects storage duration?
  • Photosynthesis (0% chose this)
  • Respiration and dormancy (0% chose this)
  • Nitrogen fixation (0% chose this)
  • Secondary tuber development (0% chose this)
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Which method is used for commercial long-term storage of seed yams?
  • Freezing at -20°C (0% chose this)
  • Vacuum sealing (0% chose this)
  • Temperature-controlled storage with careful monitoring (0% chose this)
  • Preservation in formaldehyde solution (0% chose this)
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What key factor affects the storage life of different yam species?
  • Dormancy period characteristic to each species (0% chose this)
  • Flesh color (0% chose this)
  • Country of origin (0% chose this)
  • Size only (0% chose this)
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What is the most important design feature of a yam storage facility?
  • Location near a water source (0% chose this)
  • Good ventilation and protection from rain (0% chose this)
  • Painted bright colors (0% chose this)
  • Connected to electricity (0% chose this)
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Which traditional yam storage method is used in parts of Southeast Asia?
  • Burial in dry sand (0% chose this)
  • Suspension in flowing rivers (0% chose this)
  • Storage in trees (0% chose this)
  • Storage in underground pits lined with rice straw (0% chose this)
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What feature helps regulate temperature in traditional yam barns?
  • Thatched roof and raised, slatted shelves (0% chose this)
  • Solar-powered cooling system (0% chose this)
  • Underground construction (0% chose this)
  • Computerized climate control (0% chose this)
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How are yams typically arranged in traditional storage structures?
  • Piled randomly in large heaps (0% chose this)
  • Buried individually (0% chose this)
  • Tied or placed on shelves in single layers (0% chose this)
  • Submerged in barrels of water (0% chose this)
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What adaptations are made to yam storage facilities in areas with termite problems?
  • Storage over standing water (0% chose this)
  • Treatment of wooden structures or use of termite-resistant materials (0% chose this)
  • Keeping lights on 24 hours per day (0% chose this)
  • Playing ultrasonic sounds (0% chose this)
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What consideration is important when designing a commercial yam storage facility?
  • Must be painted blue (0% chose this)
  • Must be facing magnetic north (0% chose this)
  • Must be within sight of a body of water (0% chose this)
  • Must accommodate inspection, sorting, and rotation of stock (0% chose this)
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What traditional practice improves pest management in yam storage structures?
  • Using smoke or plant materials with pest-repellent properties (0% chose this)
  • Performing weekly religious ceremonies (0% chose this)
  • Painting geometric patterns on the exterior (0% chose this)
  • Storing only during full moons (0% chose this)
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Which feature is recommended for modern yam storage facilities in humid tropical regions?
  • Completely sealed environment (0% chose this)
  • Direct exposure to sunlight (0% chose this)
  • Forced air ventilation system (0% chose this)
  • Submersion in mineral oil (0% chose this)
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How does yam arrangement affect storage success in traditional yam barns?
  • Yams must be arranged alphabetically by variety name (0% chose this)
  • Yams should be arranged to allow air circulation between tubers (0% chose this)
  • Yams must be stacked at least 12 layers high (0% chose this)
  • Yams should be arranged by color from light to dark (0% chose this)
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What is the primary macronutrient in yams?
  • Fat (0% chose this)
  • Protein (0% chose this)
  • Fiber (0% chose this)
  • Carbohydrate (0% chose this)
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What is the approximate protein content of yams per 100g of edible portion?
  • Less than 0.5g (0% chose this)
  • 1.5g - 2.5g (0% chose this)
  • 8g - 10g (0% chose this)
  • More than 15g (0% chose this)
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Which vitamin is present in significant amounts in most yam varieties?
  • Vitamin C (0% chose this)
  • Vitamin D (0% chose this)
  • Vitamin K (0% chose this)
  • Vitamin B12 (0% chose this)
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What mineral is notably present in yams, contributing to their nutritional value?
  • Sodium (0% chose this)
  • Lithium (0% chose this)
  • Potassium (0% chose this)
  • Lithium (0% chose this)
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How does the caloric content of yams compare to that of white potatoes of equal weight?
  • Yams have approximately twice the calories (0% chose this)
  • Yams have half the calories (0% chose this)
  • Yams have exactly the same caloric content (0% chose this)
  • Yams have slightly fewer calories on average (0% chose this)
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Which nutritional component gives purple yam (ube) its distinctive color?
  • Lycopene (0% chose this)
  • Anthocyanins (0% chose this)
  • Beta-carotene (0% chose this)
  • Chlorophyll (0% chose this)
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What is the typical moisture content of fresh yams?
  • 60-70% (0% chose this)
  • 10-20% (0% chose this)
  • 30-40% (0% chose this)
  • 85-95% (0% chose this)
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Which statement best describes the fat content of yams?
  • High in saturated fats (0% chose this)
  • High in polyunsaturated fats (0% chose this)
  • Very low in all types of fat (0% chose this)
  • High in trans fats (0% chose this)
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What type of carbohydrate primarily comprises the starch in yams?
  • Fructose (0% chose this)
  • Amylose and amylopectin (0% chose this)
  • Lactose (0% chose this)
  • Dextrose (0% chose this)
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Which nutrient in yams contributes to their role in digestive health?
  • Cholesterol (0% chose this)
  • Sodium (0% chose this)
  • Trans fats (0% chose this)
  • Dietary fiber (0% chose this)
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What property of yams has made them traditionally valuable for women's health in some cultures?
  • High caffeine content (0% chose this)
  • Natural antibiotic compounds (0% chose this)
  • Content of diosgenin, a compound similar to female hormones (0% chose this)
  • High concentration of iodine (0% chose this)
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Which health benefit is associated with the high potassium content in yams?
  • Blood pressure regulation (0% chose this)
  • Improved night vision (0% chose this)
  • Hair growth stimulation (0% chose this)
  • Teeth whitening (0% chose this)
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What digestive health benefit is provided by yams?
  • They contain natural antacids (0% chose this)
  • They provide dietary fiber for digestive regularity (0% chose this)
  • They neutralize all food allergens (0% chose this)
  • They directly kill harmful intestinal parasites (0% chose this)
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Which antioxidant compounds found in purple yams may contribute to their health benefits?
  • Capsaicin (0% chose this)
  • Caffeine (0% chose this)
  • Taurine (0% chose this)
  • Anthocyanins (0% chose this)
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What makes yams a good food choice for blood sugar management?
  • They have a lower glycemic index than many other starchy foods (0% chose this)
  • They contain no carbohydrates (0% chose this)
  • They contain artificial sweeteners (0% chose this)
  • They eliminate the need for insulin in diabetics (0% chose this)
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What nutrient in yams supports immune system function?
  • Saturated fat (0% chose this)
  • Sodium (0% chose this)
  • Vitamin C (0% chose this)
  • Cholesterol (0% chose this)
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Which health benefit is linked to the manganese content of yams?
  • Improved night vision (0% chose this)
  • Support for bone health and metabolism (0% chose this)
  • Prevention of all viral infections (0% chose this)
  • Direct reduction of cancerous tumors (0% chose this)
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What nutritional advantage do yams offer for people seeking weight management?
  • They contain appetite-suppressing hormones (0% chose this)
  • They contain no calories (0% chose this)
  • They block fat absorption (0% chose this)
  • They provide nutrient density with relatively low caloric content (0% chose this)
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Which traditional use of wild yam should NOT be considered scientifically validated?
  • As a complete substitute for hormone replacement therapy (0% chose this)
  • As a source of complex carbohydrates (0% chose this)
  • As a dietary source of vitamins (0% chose this)
  • As a food that can be included in a balanced diet (0% chose this)
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Which bioactive compounds found in certain yam species have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties?
  • Testosterone (0% chose this)
  • Insulin (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorin and other proteins (0% chose this)
  • Synthetic vitamins (0% chose this)
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What characteristic of yam starch has made it beneficial for certain digestive conditions?
  • It has a sour flavor that stimulates digestion (0% chose this)
  • It can be easily digested by people with certain digestive sensitivities (0% chose this)
  • It contains artificial digestive enzymes (0% chose this)
  • It eliminates the need for chewing (0% chose this)
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Which dietary pattern traditionally incorporates yams as a staple food?
  • Arctic diet (0% chose this)
  • Exclusively carnivorous diet (0% chose this)
  • Ketogenic diet (0% chose this)
  • West African and Caribbean diets (0% chose this)
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How should bitter varieties of yam be prepared to make them safe for consumption?
  • They should never be consumed under any circumstances (0% chose this)
  • They should be eaten raw to maximize nutritional content (0% chose this)
  • They require special processing to remove toxic compounds (0% chose this)
  • They should be consumed only during winter months (0% chose this)
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What consideration is important when incorporating yams into a low-sodium diet?
  • Yams are naturally low in sodium and suitable for low-sodium diets (0% chose this)
  • Yams must be soaked in salt water before consumption (0% chose this)
  • Yams naturally contain excessive sodium (0% chose this)
  • Yams can only be consumed with high-sodium seasonings (0% chose this)
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How do yams fit into a gluten-free diet?
  • They contain minimal gluten that must be removed by special processing (0% chose this)
  • They are naturally gluten-free and safe for people with celiac disease (0% chose this)
  • They contain gluten only in the skin (0% chose this)
  • They contain synthetic gluten substitutes (0% chose this)
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What dietary consideration is important when preparing yams with their skins?
  • The skins are indigestible and must be removed (0% chose this)
  • The skins contain toxic levels of cyanide (0% chose this)
  • The skins must be consumed within 2 hours of peeling (0% chose this)
  • The skins should be thoroughly cleaned to remove soil contaminants (0% chose this)
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How do yams fit into a vegetarian or vegan diet?
  • They are acceptable only for vegetarians but not vegans (0% chose this)
  • They require animal products for proper preparation (0% chose this)
  • They are plant-based and suitable for both vegetarian and vegan diets (0% chose this)
  • They are classified as animal products due to their protein content (0% chose this)
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What consideration is important when incorporating yams into a diabetic meal plan?
  • Portion control and accounting for carbohydrate content (0% chose this)
  • Complete avoidance due to high sugar content (0% chose this)
  • Consumption only with insulin injections (0% chose this)
  • Yams must be consumed raw to be suitable for diabetics (0% chose this)
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How can yams be incorporated into a weight management diet?
  • They should be avoided completely due to high calorie content (0% chose this)
  • They can be included in moderate portions as a nutritious complex carbohydrate (0% chose this)
  • They should be consumed only in liquid form (0% chose this)
  • They must be eaten before 10:00 AM to avoid weight gain (0% chose this)
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What is the first step in preparing most yam dishes?
  • Freezing (0% chose this)
  • Fermentation (0% chose this)
  • Peeling and cleaning (0% chose this)
  • Grinding into flour (0% chose this)
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Why should gloves be worn when peeling some varieties of yams?
  • They may cause skin irritation due to calcium oxalate crystals (0% chose this)
  • Their juice permanently stains skin (0% chose this)
  • They emit harmful radiation (0% chose this)
  • They attract dangerous insects (0% chose this)
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What is the most common basic cooking method for yams worldwide?
  • Raw consumption (0% chose this)
  • Fermenting (0% chose this)
  • Smoking (0% chose this)
  • Boiling (0% chose this)
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What is "fufu" in West African cuisine?
  • A yam-based alcoholic beverage (0% chose this)
  • A pounded yam paste eaten with stews (0% chose this)
  • Yam leaves prepared as a salad (0% chose this)
  • Yam seeds roasted as snacks (0% chose this)
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How should yams be stored after peeling but before cooking?
  • In warm water at room temperature (0% chose this)
  • Exposed to air for at least 12 hours (0% chose this)
  • In cool water with lemon juice or vinegar to prevent browning (0% chose this)
  • Wrapped in aluminum foil and heated (0% chose this)
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What precaution should be taken when preparing bitter varieties of yams?
  • Extended boiling with multiple water changes (0% chose this)
  • Eating only with dairy products (0% chose this)
  • Consumption limited to one tablespoon daily (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to ultraviolet light for 24 hours (0% chose this)
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Which cooking method best preserves the nutritional content of yams?
  • Deep frying (0% chose this)
  • Prolonged boiling (0% chose this)
  • Microwaving on high power (0% chose this)
  • Steaming (0% chose this)
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What technique is used to make yam "chips" or crisps?
  • Freeze-drying only (0% chose this)
  • Thinly slicing and deep frying or baking (0% chose this)
  • Boiling followed by air drying (0% chose this)
  • Fermenting slices for 30 days (0% chose this)
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What preparation method is used to make "poi" from yams in Pacific Island cuisines?
  • Drying and grinding into flour (0% chose this)
  • Roasting with the skin on (0% chose this)
  • Cooking and pounding into a fermented paste (0% chose this)
  • Juicing and boiling down to a syrup (0% chose this)
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What is the Nigerian dish "asaro"?
  • Fermented yam beverage (0% chose this)
  • Yam porridge cooked with palm oil and peppers (0% chose this)
  • Yam-wrapped fish (0% chose this)
  • Yam ice cream (0% chose this)
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What distinguishes Jamaican "bammy" from other yam preparations?
  • It's always served raw (0% chose this)
  • It's a sweet dessert with chocolate (0% chose this)
  • It contains animal blood (0% chose this)
  • It's a flatbread made from grated and pressed yam (0% chose this)
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Which Caribbean dish combines yams with other starchy vegetables and meat in a boiled preparation?
  • Oil down (0% chose this)
  • Cou-cou (0% chose this)
  • Rundown (0% chose this)
  • Pelau (0% chose this)
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What is the Japanese dish "tororo"?
  • Yam ice cream (0% chose this)
  • Fried yam balls (0% chose this)
  • Grated mountain yam with a slimy texture (0% chose this)
  • Yam-stuffed dumplings (0% chose this)
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Which preparation technique is used for Korean "ma"?
  • Sun-drying whole (0% chose this)
  • Steaming and then drying slices (0% chose this)
  • Fermenting with garlic (0% chose this)
  • Freezing and eating like ice cream (0% chose this)
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What is "mpotompoto" in Ghanaian cuisine?
  • Yam-based alcoholic drink (0% chose this)
  • Yam leaf salad (0% chose this)
  • Yam seed porridge (0% chose this)
  • Yam soup or porridge (0% chose this)
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Which Filipino dessert prominently features purple yam?
  • Ube halaya (0% chose this)
  • Balut (0% chose this)
  • Sinigang (0% chose this)
  • Adobo (0% chose this)
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What is the main ingredient in the Chinese dessert "taro cake" (wu tao gou)?
  • True yam (Dioscorea) (0% chose this)
  • Cassava (0% chose this)
  • Taro root (closely related to but distinct from true yams) (0% chose this)
  • Sweet potato (0% chose this)
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What preparation technique is used for the Indian dish "senai kilangu varuval"?
  • Boiling and mashing (0% chose this)
  • Frying with spices (0% chose this)
  • Fermenting for 30 days (0% chose this)
  • Drying and powdering (0% chose this)
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Which technique is essential in preparing the Vietnamese dish "canh khoai mỡ"?
  • Smoking over open flame (0% chose this)
  • Freeze-drying (0% chose this)
  • Burying underground for 30 days (0% chose this)
  • Simmering in a soup with pork (0% chose this)
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What cooking approach is used for yam in the Brazilian dish "caruru"?
  • Cooking with okra, shrimp, and palm oil (0% chose this)
  • Baking with cheese (0% chose this)
  • Serving raw with lime juice (0% chose this)
  • Fermenting with cassava (0% chose this)
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What characteristic of purple yam (ube) makes it popular for desserts?
  • Sour flavor (0% chose this)
  • Crunchy texture (0% chose this)
  • Vibrant color and subtle sweetness (0% chose this)
  • Extremely high sugar content (0% chose this)
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Which Filipino dessert combines purple yam with coconut milk in a sweet pudding?
  • Ube halaya (0% chose this)
  • Lumpia (0% chose this)
  • Pancit (0% chose this)
  • Adobo (0% chose this)
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How are yams typically prepared for use in sweet pies?
  • Served raw and sliced (0% chose this)
  • Fried with sugar coating (0% chose this)
  • Frozen and then thawed (0% chose this)
  • Boiled and mashed or puréed (0% chose this)
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What is "koogoo" in Okinawan cuisine?
  • Savory yam soup (0% chose this)
  • Sweet dessert made from purple yam (0% chose this)
  • Fermented yam beverage (0% chose this)
  • Raw yam salad (0% chose this)
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What dessert application utilizes yam flour as a key ingredient?
  • Cheese spread (0% chose this)
  • Savory gravy (0% chose this)
  • Mochi and sweet dumplings (0% chose this)
  • Pickled condiment (0% chose this)
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How is yam incorporated into ice cream production?
  • Cooked, puréed, and used as flavoring base (0% chose this)
  • Added raw in chunks (0% chose this)
  • Used only as a natural coloring that adds no flavor (0% chose this)
  • Fermented first, then added as chunks (0% chose this)
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What preparation technique is used to create candied yams?
  • Freeze-drying with honey (0% chose this)
  • Vacuum sealing with maple syrup (0% chose this)
  • Microwaving with corn syrup (0% chose this)
  • Baking with sugar, butter, and spices (0% chose this)
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Which sweet yam preparation is traditional in Thailand?
  • Yam-stuffed donuts (0% chose this)
  • Boiled in syrup with coconut milk (0% chose this)
  • Yam-flavored chewing gum (0% chose this)
  • Raw yam with honey dipping sauce (0% chose this)
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What makes certain yam varieties better suited for dessert applications?
  • Lower water content (0% chose this)
  • Higher protein content (0% chose this)
  • Natural sweetness and appropriate starch structure (0% chose this)
  • Complete lack of starch (0% chose this)
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How are yams incorporated into baked goods like cakes and brownies?
  • Cooked, puréed, and added to batter (0% chose this)
  • Used raw and grated (0% chose this)
  • Added as whole chunks (0% chose this)
  • Used only as decoration on top (0% chose this)
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What is the traditional West African preparation "ikokore"?
  • Sweet yam pudding (0% chose this)
  • Grated water yam formed into balls and cooked in soup (0% chose this)
  • Fermented yam beverage (0% chose this)
  • Yam-leaf salad (0% chose this)
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Which cooking method is commonly used for yam chips or fries?
  • Boiling (0% chose this)
  • Steaming (0% chose this)
  • Deep frying or baking (0% chose this)
  • Poaching (0% chose this)
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How are yams typically incorporated into stews?
  • Cut into chunks and added to cook with the stew (0% chose this)
  • Puréed and used as thickener only (0% chose this)
  • Added only as garnish at the end (0% chose this)
  • Used only for flavoring the cooking liquid then removed (0% chose this)
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What preparation technique is used for the Nigerian dish "ojojo"?
  • Boiling whole yams with the skin (0% chose this)
  • Roasting yam pieces over open flame (0% chose this)
  • Steaming grated yam with fish (0% chose this)
  • Frying spiced water yam batter (0% chose this)
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Which savory yam dish features yam cooked in coconut milk?
  • Yam tempura (0% chose this)
  • Caribbean yam chowder (0% chose this)
  • Yam gazpacho (0% chose this)
  • Pickled yam (0% chose this)
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What is the role of yam in the Ghanaian dish "mpotompoto"?
  • Used only as garnish (0% chose this)
  • Used only as a thickener (0% chose this)
  • Main ingredient in a savory porridge (0% chose this)
  • Used only for coloring (0% chose this)
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How is yam prepared in the Indonesian dish "opor"?
  • Simmered in a coconut milk and spice sauce (0% chose this)
  • Pickled with vinegar (0% chose this)
  • Dried and powdered as a condiment (0% chose this)
  • Fermented for 60 days (0% chose this)
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What technique is used to prepare yams for the Caribbean dish "tostones de ñame"?
  • Boiling and then mashing (0% chose this)
  • Grating and fermenting (0% chose this)
  • Juicing and reducing (0% chose this)
  • Slicing, frying, smashing, and frying again (0% chose this)
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What is the approximate boiling time for 1-inch (2.5 cm) cubes of yam?
  • 1-2 minutes (0% chose this)
  • 15-20 minutes (0% chose this)
  • 45-60 minutes (0% chose this)
  • 2-3 hours (0% chose this)
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What technique helps prevent oxidation (browning) of cut yams?
  • Exposure to direct sunlight (0% chose this)
  • Coating with sugar (0% chose this)
  • Refrigeration for 24 hours before cooking (0% chose this)
  • Immersion in water with lemon juice or vinegar (0% chose this)
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Which cooking technique is used to create the crispy exterior in fried yam dishes?
  • Patting dry before frying and using proper oil temperature (0% chose this)
  • Boiling before frying (0% chose this)
  • Adding sugar to the oil (0% chose this)
  • Freezing before frying (0% chose this)
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What is the traditional pounding technique used to create "fufu" from boiled yams?
  • Using a food processor with ice (0% chose this)
  • Using a rolling pin on a flat surface (0% chose this)
  • Using a wooden mortar and pestle (0% chose this)
  • Using mechanical meat tenderizers (0% chose this)
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What cooking technique best preserves the shape of yam pieces in soups and stews?
  • Pureeing before adding (0% chose this)
  • Adding later in the cooking process (0% chose this)
  • Pre-freezing the chunks (0% chose this)
  • Wrapping pieces in banana leaves (0% chose this)
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What technique is used to achieve the gluey, stretchy texture desired in some Asian yam dishes?
  • Adding wheat gluten (0% chose this)
  • Adding cornstarch (0% chose this)
  • Prolonged boiling (0% chose this)
  • Grating the raw yam (0% chose this)
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What technique is used to reduce the sliminess of certain yam varieties?
  • Soaking in salt water before cooking (0% chose this)
  • Cooking with the skin on (0% chose this)
  • Adding sugar during cooking (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to ultraviolet light (0% chose this)
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Which cooking method best develops the natural sweetness of yams?
  • Boiling (0% chose this)
  • Microwaving (0% chose this)
  • Roasting or baking (0% chose this)
  • Steaming (0% chose this)
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What technique is used in creating twice-cooked yam dishes?
  • Freezing between cooking steps (0% chose this)
  • Cooking once, cooling, then cooking again with different method (0% chose this)
  • Cooking once in water, once in milk (0% chose this)
  • Cooking at sunrise and again at sunset on the same day (0% chose this)
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Which country is the world's largest producer of yams?
  • United States (0% chose this)
  • China (0% chose this)
  • Nigeria (0% chose this)
  • France (0% chose this)
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Approximately what percentage of global yam production comes from West Africa?
  • Over 90% (0% chose this)
  • About 50% (0% chose this)
  • Less than 10% (0% chose this)
  • Exactly 25% (0% chose this)
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What factor most significantly limits international trade in fresh yams?
  • International regulations prohibiting yam exports (0% chose this)
  • Consumer dislike of yams (0% chose this)
  • High radioactivity in all yams (0% chose this)
  • Short shelf life and storage challenges (0% chose this)
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Which value-added yam product has seen the greatest growth in international trade?
  • Yam-based alcoholic beverages (0% chose this)
  • Yam flour and processed yam products (0% chose this)
  • Yam-based pharmaceuticals (0% chose this)
  • Yam-based construction materials (0% chose this)
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What organization collects and publishes global yam production statistics?
  • World Yam Council (0% chose this)
  • International Tuber Authority (0% chose this)
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (0% chose this)
  • Global Yam Trade Association (0% chose this)
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What economic trend has affected yam production in traditional growing regions?
  • Competition from other starchy staples like cassava and rice (0% chose this)
  • Increasing demand due to proven cancer-curing properties (0% chose this)
  • Replacement by synthetic yam substitutes (0% chose this)
  • Complete collapse of all commercial production (0% chose this)
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Which market segment has shown increased demand for specialty yam varieties?
  • Pet food industry (0% chose this)
  • Construction material manufacturers (0% chose this)
  • Automotive fuel production (0% chose this)
  • Health food and ethnic cuisine markets (0% chose this)
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What factor most significantly affects year-to-year market prices for yams?
  • Changes in paper currency design (0% chose this)
  • Weather conditions and resulting harvest yields (0% chose this)
  • Political party in power (0% chose this)
  • Changes in fashion trends (0% chose this)
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What percentage of harvested yams is estimated to be lost to spoilage in developing countries?
  • Less than 5% (0% chose this)
  • About 10% (0% chose this)
  • 30-60% (0% chose this)
  • Over 90% (0% chose this)
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What economic role do yams play in traditional West African societies?
  • Staple food crop and sometimes a form of currency or wealth indicator (0% chose this)
  • Purely decorative with no practical use (0% chose this)
  • Used exclusively for animal feed (0% chose this)
  • Grown only for export, never for local consumption (0% chose this)
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Why are yams particularly important for food security in some regions?
  • They grow well underwater during floods (0% chose this)
  • They can be harvested daily throughout the year (0% chose this)
  • They provide complete protein nutrition (0% chose this)
  • They can be stored for several months without refrigeration (0% chose this)
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What technique do subsistence farmers use to maintain yam planting material from year to year?
  • Purchasing certified seed annually (0% chose this)
  • Setting aside small tubers or pieces from harvest (0% chose this)
  • Growing from true botanical seeds (0% chose this)
  • Using synthetic laboratory-grown starter material (0% chose this)
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How do yams contribute to household food security in traditional farming systems?
  • By providing continuous daily harvests year-round (0% chose this)
  • By eliminating the need for all other crops (0% chose this)
  • By providing storable food during seasonal hunger periods (0% chose this)
  • By completely eliminating the risk of crop failure (0% chose this)
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What social role do yam festivals play in traditional yam-growing communities?
  • They celebrate harvest and reinforce cultural values around food security (0% chose this)
  • They are exclusively religious with no secular component (0% chose this)
  • They discourage yam consumption (0% chose this)
  • They promote export of all yams outside the community (0% chose this)
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How are changing climate patterns affecting traditional yam cultivation cycles?
  • They have no effect on yam cultivation (0% chose this)
  • They have universally improved growing conditions (0% chose this)
  • They have eliminated all disease problems (0% chose this)
  • They are disrupting traditional planting and harvest timing (0% chose this)
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What constraint most limits yam production expansion by subsistence farmers?
  • Government prohibitions on growing more yams (0% chose this)
  • Labor requirements and availability of planting material (0% chose this)
  • Excessive rainfall in all yam-growing regions (0% chose this)
  • International trade restrictions (0% chose this)
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What economic strategy involving yams is used in traditional farming to mitigate risk?
  • Planting only one variety of yam (0% chose this)
  • Focusing exclusively on yam and eliminating all other crops (0% chose this)
  • Intercropping yams with other crops and growing multiple varieties (0% chose this)
  • Selling entire harvest immediately and purchasing processed foods (0% chose this)
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What role do women typically play in traditional yam cultivation systems?
  • Significant roles in planting, harvesting, processing, and marketing (0% chose this)
  • No involvement whatsoever (0% chose this)
  • Ownership of all yam fields but no labor contribution (0% chose this)
  • Exclusively responsible for destroying surplus yams (0% chose this)
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What plant family do true yams (Dioscorea spp.) belong to?
  • Solanaceae (0% chose this)
  • Dioscoreaceae (0% chose this)
  • Convolvulaceae (0% chose this)
  • Poaceae (0% chose this)
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Which of the following best describes the growth habit of yam plants?
  • Herbaceous shrubs with no climbing ability (0% chose this)
  • Trees with hanging tubers (0% chose this)
  • Ground-hugging vines that never climb (0% chose this)
  • Climbing or trailing vines with underground tubers (0% chose this)
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What is the primary storage organ of yam plants?
  • Tuber (0% chose this)
  • Rhizome (0% chose this)
  • Stem (0% chose this)
  • Leaf (0% chose this)
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Which part of the yam plant contains chlorophyll and is responsible for photosynthesis?
  • Tuber (0% chose this)
  • Roots (0% chose this)
  • Leaves (0% chose this)
  • Underground stem (0% chose this)
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What is the botanical term for aerial tubers produced by some Dioscorea species?
  • Cladodes (0% chose this)
  • Bulbils (0% chose this)
  • Phyllodes (0% chose this)
  • Thalli (0% chose this)
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What is distinctive about the venation pattern on most yam leaves?
  • Parallel venation only (0% chose this)
  • No visible veins (0% chose this)
  • Random vein arrangement (0% chose this)
  • Heart-shaped with prominent veins converging at the base (0% chose this)
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What anatomical feature allows yams to store large amounts of starch?
  • Specialized parenchyma cells in the tuber (0% chose this)
  • Hollow cavities filled with starch granules (0% chose this)
  • External starch sacs attached to roots (0% chose this)
  • Specialized carbon-fixing stems (0% chose this)
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What secondary metabolites are found in some wild yam species that require processing before consumption?
  • Capsaicin (0% chose this)
  • Caffeine (0% chose this)
  • Alkaloids and saponins (0% chose this)
  • Anthocyanins (0% chose this)
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What type of root system do yam plants typically possess?
  • Taproot system only (0% chose this)
  • Fibrous roots arising from the tuber (0% chose this)
  • No roots, only tubers (0% chose this)
  • Pneumatophores (breathing roots) (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of yam flowers?
  • Small in size (0% chose this)
  • Separate male and female plants in many species (0% chose this)
  • Wind pollination (0% chose this)
  • Bright colors to attract insect pollinators (0% chose this)
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What is the ploidy level of many cultivated yam species?
  • Polyploid (multiple sets of chromosomes) (0% chose this)
  • Always diploid (two sets of chromosomes) (0% chose this)
  • Always haploid (one set of chromosomes) (0% chose this)
  • Zero chromosomes (acellular) (0% chose this)
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What is the primary method of propagation for cultivated yams?
  • Seeds (0% chose this)
  • Stem cuttings (0% chose this)
  • Vegetative propagation using tuber pieces (0% chose this)
  • Grafting (0% chose this)
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Why is sexual reproduction (from seeds) less common in cultivated yam production?
  • Many cultivated varieties rarely flower or produce viable seeds (0% chose this)
  • Yam seeds germinate only underwater (0% chose this)
  • Yam seeds must pass through an animal's digestive tract to germinate (0% chose this)
  • Yam seeds exist only in theory and have never been observed (0% chose this)
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What technique is used in the "minisett" system of yam propagation?
  • Using miniature yam seedlings (0% chose this)
  • Planting yams in small containers only (0% chose this)
  • Planting entire small tubers without cutting (0% chose this)
  • Cutting tubers into small pieces with at least one bud (0% chose this)
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What is the primary advantage of propagating yams through tissue culture?
  • It is the simplest technique for subsistence farmers (0% chose this)
  • It can produce disease-free planting material (0% chose this)
  • It eliminates the need for soil (0% chose this)
  • It produces tubers that never need harvesting (0% chose this)
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What dormancy factor must be overcome for yam tubers to sprout?
  • Exposure to subfreezing temperatures (0% chose this)
  • Submersion in salt water (0% chose this)
  • Completion of a rest period that varies by species (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation (0% chose this)
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What technique is used to break dormancy and promote sprouting in seed yams?
  • Proper curing and storage under appropriate temperature and humidity (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to X-rays (0% chose this)
  • Treatment with growth-inhibiting hormones (0% chose this)
  • Submersion in boiling water (0% chose this)
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What is unique about the propagation of Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato)?
  • It can only be propagated from seeds (0% chose this)
  • It requires grafting onto wild species (0% chose this)
  • It must be propagated underwater (0% chose this)
  • It can be propagated from aerial bulbils (0% chose this)
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What factor most affects the sprouting of yam setts?
  • Moon phase during planting (0% chose this)
  • Presence of viable buds and proper moisture conditions (0% chose this)
  • Geographical direction they are pointed during planting (0% chose this)
  • Color of the soil they are planted in (0% chose this)
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What physiological process must occur for a yam tuber piece to regenerate into a complete plant?
  • Mitosis must cease completely (0% chose this)
  • The piece must first produce seeds (0% chose this)
  • Activation of dormant buds to produce new shoots and roots (0% chose this)
  • Complete genetic recombination (0% chose this)
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Which of the following best describes the genetic diversity of cultivated yams?
  • All cultivated yams are genetically identical (0% chose this)
  • Only three genetic varieties exist worldwide (0% chose this)
  • Genetic diversity exists only in laboratory specimens (0% chose this)
  • Significant genetic diversity exists across species and landraces (0% chose this)
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What breeding challenge is common in yam improvement programs?
  • Irregular flowering and low seed production (0% chose this)
  • Excessive mutation rates (0% chose this)
  • Complete inability to store genetic material (0% chose this)
  • Seedlings that never develop tubers (0% chose this)
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Which technique has been used to preserve yam genetic resources?
  • Permanent freezing of entire plants (0% chose this)
  • In-vitro conservation and germplasm banks (0% chose this)
  • Conversion to synthetic DNA only (0% chose this)
  • Encoding genetic sequences into music (0% chose this)
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What trait has been a primary focus of yam breeding programs?
  • Ability to grow in desert conditions (0% chose this)
  • Ability to grow without soil (0% chose this)
  • Disease resistance, particularly to viruses (0% chose this)
  • Production of square-shaped tubers (0% chose this)
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What molecular technology has accelerated yam breeding programs?
  • Marker-assisted selection (0% chose this)
  • Teleportation (0% chose this)
  • Sonic enhancement (0% chose this)
  • Crystallography (0% chose this)
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Why is traditional yam breeding more challenging than breeding for many other crops?
  • Yams cannot be grown in controlled environments (0% chose this)
  • Yams have no genetic material (0% chose this)
  • Yam genetics follow different biological laws (0% chose this)
  • Long growing cycle and low multiplication rate (0% chose this)
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Which characteristic of many cultivated yam varieties complicates genetic improvement?
  • Excessive mutation rates (0% chose this)
  • Polyploidy (multiple sets of chromosomes) (0% chose this)
  • Microscopic size (0% chose this)
  • Ability to hypnotize researchers (0% chose this)
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What conservation approach has been used to maintain traditional yam landraces?
  • Converting all specimens to digital format (0% chose this)
  • Replacing them all with modern varieties (0% chose this)
  • On-farm conservation by traditional farmers (0% chose this)
  • Permanent cryogenic freezing (0% chose this)
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What is the primary carbohydrate stored in yam tubers?
  • Fructose (0% chose this)
  • Starch (0% chose this)
  • Cellulose (0% chose this)
  • Sucrose (0% chose this)
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Which compound in wild yams has been studied for potential pharmaceutical applications?
  • Capsaicin (0% chose this)
  • Caffeine (0% chose this)
  • Gluten (0% chose this)
  • Diosgenin (0% chose this)
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What gives purple yam (ube) its distinctive color?
  • Anthocyanin pigments (0% chose this)
  • Synthetic dyes (0% chose this)
  • Chlorophyll (0% chose this)
  • Hemoglobin (0% chose this)
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Which toxic compounds must be removed from certain wild yam species before consumption?
  • Radioactive isotopes (0% chose this)
  • Heavy metals (0% chose this)
  • Alkaloids and saponins (0% chose this)
  • Petroleum derivatives (0% chose this)
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What causes the skin irritation sometimes experienced when handling certain yam species?
  • Capsaicin (0% chose this)
  • Calcium oxalate crystals (0% chose this)
  • Petroleum residue (0% chose this)
  • Microscopic thorns (0% chose this)
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What enzyme causes browning when some yam varieties are cut and exposed to air?
  • Amylase (0% chose this)
  • Pepsin (0% chose this)
  • Lactase (0% chose this)
  • Polyphenol oxidase (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the starch found in yam tubers?
  • A mixture of amylose and amylopectin (0% chose this)
  • Pure cellulose (0% chose this)
  • Simple glucose only (0% chose this)
  • Identical to synthetic plastic (0% chose this)
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What process converts the starch in yams to sugars during cooking?
  • Oxidation (0% chose this)
  • Ionization (0% chose this)
  • Hydrolysis (0% chose this)
  • Nuclear fission (0% chose this)
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Which mucilaginous substance gives mountain yam (Dioscorea japonica) its characteristic slippery texture when grated?
  • Petroleum jelly (0% chose this)
  • Glycoprotein mannan (0% chose this)
  • Silicon dioxide (0% chose this)
  • Polyvinyl chloride (0% chose this)
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What happens to the starches in yams when they are refrigerated after cooking?
  • They evaporate completely (0% chose this)
  • They convert to protein (0% chose this)
  • They transform into vitamins (0% chose this)
  • They undergo retrogradation (recrystallization) (0% chose this)
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How long have yams been cultivated by humans?
  • Since the early 20th century (0% chose this)
  • Approximately 500 years (0% chose this)
  • At least 10,000 years (0% chose this)
  • Only since 1980 (0% chose this)
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Where did the first domestication of yams likely occur?
  • West Africa and Southeast Asia (separate domestication events) (0% chose this)
  • Antarctica (0% chose this)
  • Western Europe (0% chose this)
  • North American prairies (0% chose this)
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What historical role did yams play in traditional West African societies?
  • Decorative use only (0% chose this)
  • Currency only, never as food (0% chose this)
  • Industrial lubricant (0% chose this)
  • Staple food and cultural symbol (0% chose this)
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How did yams spread from their centers of origin to other parts of the world?
  • They were carried exclusively by migratory birds (0% chose this)
  • Through human migration, trade, and colonization (0% chose this)
  • They were spread only via wind dispersal (0% chose this)
  • They evolved independently on each continent (0% chose this)
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What was the significance of yams in the Columbian Exchange?
  • Yams were the only crop not transported between hemispheres (0% chose this)
  • Yams replaced all other food crops globally (0% chose this)
  • Various yam species were transported between Africa, the Americas, and Asia (0% chose this)
  • Yams were used exclusively as ship ballast (0% chose this)
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What historical role did yams play during the transatlantic slave trade?
  • They were brought as familiar food crops and became established in new regions (0% chose this)
  • They were unknown until the 20th century (0% chose this)
  • They were used exclusively as decoration (0% chose this)
  • They were considered worthless until the 1950s (0% chose this)
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What significant technological change affected traditional yam cultivation in the 20th century?
  • Complete replacement by synthetic yams (0% chose this)
  • Cultivation moved exclusively to space stations (0% chose this)
  • Yams began growing naturally in the ocean (0% chose this)
  • Introduction of improved varieties and modern agricultural practices (0% chose this)
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How were yams historically stored in West Africa before modern technologies?
  • Always consumed immediately with no storage (0% chose this)
  • In specially constructed yam barns (0% chose this)
  • Exclusively by burial in sand dunes (0% chose this)
  • Through vacuum sealing (0% chose this)
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What economic role did yams historically play in traditional Pacific Island societies?
  • They were used exclusively as weapons (0% chose this)
  • They were forbidden as food (0% chose this)
  • They served as a staple food and a ceremonial crop (0% chose this)
  • They were used only for building materials (0% chose this)
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What historical distribution pattern explains why different yam species are found in Africa, Asia, and the Americas?
  • Independent domestication of different wild species on different continents (0% chose this)
  • Extraterrestrial introduction (0% chose this)
  • Random quantum fluctuations (0% chose this)
  • They existed only in zoological gardens (0% chose this)
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What is the New Yam Festival celebrated in parts of West Africa?
  • A celebration marking the retirement of elderly yam farmers (0% chose this)
  • A day when yam consumption is strictly forbidden (0% chose this)
  • A contest to create synthetic yam substitutes (0% chose this)
  • A celebration of the annual yam harvest and thanksgiving to deities (0% chose this)
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What ritual is traditionally performed before yam harvesting in some cultures?
  • Painting all community members blue (0% chose this)
  • Offering first harvested yams to ancestors or deities (0% chose this)
  • Mandatory 30-day fasting (0% chose this)
  • Complete silence for 48 hours (0% chose this)
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What is the traditional role of the "yam king" in certain West African cultures?
  • To prevent anyone from eating yams (0% chose this)
  • To destroy all yam crops (0% chose this)
  • To supervise planting, harvesting, and storage of yams (0% chose this)
  • To ensure yams are never seen in public (0% chose this)
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Which symbolic meaning is associated with yams in many Pacific Island cultures?
  • Wealth, prosperity, and social status (0% chose this)
  • Sadness and mourning (0% chose this)
  • War and conflict (0% chose this)
  • Rejection of traditional values (0% chose this)
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What customary practice is associated with yam cultivation in some traditional societies?
  • Yams may only be grown by people under age 12 (0% chose this)
  • Yams must never be touched by human hands (0% chose this)
  • Yams must be spoken to only in ancient languages (0% chose this)
  • Gender-specific roles in planting, harvesting, and preparation (0% chose this)
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How are yams incorporated into traditional wedding customs in some cultures?
  • Yams are forbidden at all wedding ceremonies (0% chose this)
  • Exchange of yams as gifts or bride wealth (0% chose this)
  • Yams are worn as wedding attire (0% chose this)
  • Couples must prove they have never eaten yams (0% chose this)
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What cultural practice regulates yam consumption in some traditional societies?
  • Yams must only be eaten while standing on one foot (0% chose this)
  • Yams must never be eaten in the presence of others (0% chose this)
  • Taboos and restrictions about who can eat certain varieties or preparations (0% chose this)
  • Yams must be consumed within 5 minutes of cooking (0% chose this)
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How are competitive yam displays featured in Pacific Island traditions?
  • As demonstrations of wealth, prestige, and agricultural prowess (0% chose this)
  • As displays of yam destruction techniques (0% chose this)
  • As demonstrations of how not to grow yams (0% chose this)
  • As purely fictitious events that never occur (0% chose this)
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What traditional knowledge is passed down through generations in yam-growing cultures?
  • Methods to prevent anyone from growing yams (0% chose this)
  • Techniques to make yams completely disappear (0% chose this)
  • Ways to ensure crop failure (0% chose this)
  • Cultivation techniques, storage methods, and preparation practices (0% chose this)
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What is the significance of the "first yam" in many traditional harvest ceremonies?
  • It must be destroyed immediately (0% chose this)
  • It receives special ritual treatment as a symbol of the entire harvest (0% chose this)
  • It must be sent to a museum (0% chose this)
  • It is always identified as the smallest yam (0% chose this)
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How do yam festivals typically function in traditional societies?
  • As occasions to abandon yam cultivation (0% chose this)
  • As times when all yams must be destroyed (0% chose this)
  • As community celebrations reinforcing cultural identity and agricultural cycles (0% chose this)
  • As completely solemn events with no celebration allowed (0% chose this)
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In West African mythology, which deity is often associated with yams?
  • Deities of fertility and agriculture (0% chose this)
  • Deities of war only (0% chose this)
  • Ocean deities only (0% chose this)
  • Deities representing winter and ice (0% chose this)
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What role do yams play in the origin stories of some Pacific Island cultures?
  • Yams are depicted as evil spirits (0% chose this)
  • Yams are described as extraterrestrial visitors (0% chose this)
  • Yams are portrayed as enemies of humanity (0% chose this)
  • Yams are presented as ancestral gifts or beings (0% chose this)
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What concept is illustrated by yam-related proverbs in many African cultures?
  • The worthlessness of all agriculture (0% chose this)
  • Values related to hard work, patience, and community (0% chose this)
  • The superiority of imported foods (0% chose this)
  • The need to abandon traditional farming (0% chose this)
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Which literary work features a yam farmer as its main character and explores the symbolism of yams in culture?
  • "Moby Dick" (0% chose this)
  • "Pride and Prejudice" (0% chose this)
  • "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe (0% chose this)
  • "The Great Gatsby" (0% chose this)
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What folkloric taboo exists around yam cultivation in some traditional societies?
  • Prohibitions against certain behaviors during planting or harvesting (0% chose this)
  • Requirement that yams be painted with polka dots (0% chose this)
  • Mandate that yams only be grown underwater (0% chose this)
  • Requirement that farmers wear formal evening attire when harvesting (0% chose this)
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How are yams depicted in some traditional creation myths?
  • As purely destructive forces (0% chose this)
  • As alien invaders (0% chose this)
  • As harmful to humans (0% chose this)
  • As gifts from deities or ancestral beings (0% chose this)
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What symbolic connection often exists between yams and human fertility in folklore?
  • Yams are seen as preventing reproduction (0% chose this)
  • Yams symbolize abundance and reproductive success (0% chose this)
  • Yams represent eternal celibacy (0% chose this)
  • Yams are symbols of population control (0% chose this)
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How do folktales use yams to teach cultural values in some societies?
  • By depicting yams as evil that must be destroyed (0% chose this)
  • By portraying yams as worthless objects (0% chose this)
  • By using yams in stories that reinforce proper behavior and community values (0% chose this)
  • By showing how yams should never be grown (0% chose this)
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What common theme appears in many yam-related myths across cultures?
  • Connection between agricultural success and proper relationships with spiritual forces (0% chose this)
  • Warnings never to consume yams (0% chose this)
  • Instructions to abandon yam cultivation (0% chose this)
  • Evidence that yams arrived from outer space (0% chose this)
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What is the first step in commercial yam flour production?
  • Roasting whole yams with the skin on (0% chose this)
  • Freezing yams at -80°C (0% chose this)
  • Peeling, washing, and slicing yams (0% chose this)
  • Fermenting whole yams for 30 days (0% chose this)
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Which drying method is most commonly used in industrial yam flour production?
  • Mechanical dryers with controlled temperature and airflow (0% chose this)
  • Sun drying only (0% chose this)
  • Freeze-drying only (0% chose this)
  • Microwave drying only (0% chose this)
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What quality control measure is essential in commercial yam processing?
  • Testing each yam for musical resonance (0% chose this)
  • Ensuring all yams are perfectly spherical (0% chose this)
  • Painting each yam with food coloring (0% chose this)
  • Monitoring moisture content and microbial safety (0% chose this)
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What process is used to create instant yam flakes?
  • Fermenting and then air drying (0% chose this)
  • Cooking, mashing, and drum drying (0% chose this)
  • Freezing and shattering (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to radiation only (0% chose this)
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Which parameter is most critical to control during commercial yam flour production?
  • Exposure to moonlight (0% chose this)
  • The political affiliation of workers (0% chose this)
  • Moisture content and drying temperature (0% chose this)
  • The color of storage containers (0% chose this)
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What processing technique is used to produce yam starch for industrial applications?
  • Extraction through washing, filtering, and settling (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to magnetic fields (0% chose this)
  • Treatment with strong acids only (0% chose this)
  • Heating to 500°C (0% chose this)
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Which factor most affects the quality of commercially processed yam products?
  • Packaging color (0% chose this)
  • Factory elevation above sea level (0% chose this)
  • Lunar phase during processing (0% chose this)
  • Initial quality of raw materials and process controls (0% chose this)
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What is the purpose of blanching in commercial yam processing?
  • To add artificial colors (0% chose this)
  • To inactivate enzymes that cause browning (0% chose this)
  • To add flavor enhancers (0% chose this)
  • To triple the weight of the final product (0% chose this)
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What technological development has most improved commercial yam flour consistency?
  • Processing only during full moons (0% chose this)
  • Employing only left-handed workers (0% chose this)
  • Automated process control and standardized equipment (0% chose this)
  • Playing classical music during processing (0% chose this)
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What milling technology is used in modern yam flour production?
  • Hammer mills or roller mills with controlled particle size output (0% chose this)
  • Stone grinding by hand only (0% chose this)
  • Crushing with wooden mallets only (0% chose this)
  • Exposure to sound waves only (0% chose this)
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Which of the following is a common industrial application for yam starch?
  • Automobile fuel only (0% chose this)
  • Construction concrete only (0% chose this)
  • Aircraft manufacturing only (0% chose this)
  • Food thickener and pharmaceutical excipient (0% chose this)
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What is "elubo" in Nigerian food products?
  • Fermented yam beverage (0% chose this)
  • Dried yam flour (0% chose this)
  • Fresh yam leaves (0% chose this)
  • Yam seed oil (0% chose this)
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What processing approach is used to create precooked frozen yam products?
  • Peeling, cutting, blanching, cooking, and blast freezing (0% chose this)
  • Dehydrating and then rehydrating with artificial flavors (0% chose this)
  • Grinding into powder and reforming into shapes (0% chose this)
  • Treatment with preservatives only (0% chose this)
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What value-added approach has increased the market for purple yam (ube)?
  • Using it as industrial paint (0% chose this)
  • Marketing it as a building material (0% chose this)
  • Processing into powder and paste for use in desserts and beverages (0% chose this)
  • Promoting it as a writing instrument (0% chose this)
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What challenge must be overcome in producing shelf-stable yam snack products?
  • Yams' tendency to become luminescent (0% chose this)
  • Controlling moisture content and preventing rancidity (0% chose this)
  • Yams' natural radioactivity (0% chose this)
  • Yams' tendency to turn into other vegetables (0% chose this)
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Which process is used to create yam noodles in Asian food products?
  • Synthetic extrusion from petroleum (0% chose this)
  • 3D printing only (0% chose this)
  • Hand carving individual noodles (0% chose this)
  • Mixing yam flour with starches and extruding (0% chose this)
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What feature makes certain processed yam products successful in health food markets?
  • Low glycemic index and high fiber content (0% chose this)
  • Ability to grant invisibility (0% chose this)
  • Guaranteed weight gain properties (0% chose this)
  • High fat and sugar content (0% chose this)
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What technology has enabled the development of yam-based convenience foods?
  • Anti-gravity chambers (0% chose this)
  • Time travel (0% chose this)
  • Improved processing, packaging, and preservation methods (0% chose this)
  • Telepathic cooking instructions (0% chose this)
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Which quality parameter is most important in processed yam chips or crisps?
  • Ability to bounce when dropped (0% chose this)
  • Crispness, color, and oil content (0% chose this)
  • Weight-to-volume ratio (0% chose this)
  • Magnetic properties (0% chose this)
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What safety precaution should be taken when handling some varieties of wild yams?
  • Full hazmat suit with oxygen tank (0% chose this)
  • Sunglasses and sunscreen (0% chose this)
  • Gloves to prevent skin irritation from calcium oxalate crystals (0% chose this)
  • Ear protection against yam sounds (0% chose this)
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What food safety practice is most important when preparing yams?
  • Thorough washing and cleaning to remove soil contaminants (0% chose this)
  • Only preparing yams during a full moon (0% chose this)
  • Wearing formal attire during preparation (0% chose this)
  • Playing loud music while cooking (0% chose this)
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What is the safe minimum internal cooking temperature for dishes containing yams?
  • No minimum temperature is required (0% chose this)
  • 40°F (4°C) (0% chose this)
  • 100°F (38°C) (0% chose this)
  • 165°F (74°C) for mixed dishes (0% chose this)
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What safety practice should be followed when cutting yams?
  • Cutting only during nighttime hours (0% chose this)
  • Using a stable cutting board and properly sharpened knife (0% chose this)
  • Cutting only during specific lunar phases (0% chose this)
  • Always cutting with eyes closed (0% chose this)
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How should cooked yam dishes be handled to ensure food safety?
  • Left at room temperature for at least 12 hours (0% chose this)
  • Stored in direct sunlight (0% chose this)
  • Refrigerated within 2 hours of cooking (0% chose this)
  • Kept in warm areas to "develop flavor" (0% chose this)
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What precaution should be taken with yams that show signs of mold?
  • Discard them as they may contain mycotoxins (0% chose this)
  • Only eat the moldy portions (0% chose this)
  • Expose them to loud music (0% chose this)
  • Store them in your bedroom for 7 days (0% chose this)
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What safety guideline applies to reheating leftover yam dishes?
  • Never reheat under any circumstances (0% chose this)
  • Reheat to room temperature only (0% chose this)
  • Reheat only during a full moon (0% chose this)
  • Reheat to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) (0% chose this)
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When preparing yams in a commercial kitchen, what food safety practice is required?
  • Preparing yams outdoors only (0% chose this)
  • Separate preparation areas for raw and ready-to-eat foods (0% chose this)
  • Preparing yams only on Tuesdays (0% chose this)
  • Wearing yellow clothing only (0% chose this)
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What is the maximum safe time to leave peeled yams at room temperature?
  • 24 hours (0% chose this)
  • 12 hours (0% chose this)
  • 2 hours (1 hour if temperature is above 90°F/32°C) (0% chose this)
  • 3 days (0% chose this)
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What is the proper way to verify that a cooked yam dish has reached a safe temperature?
  • Using a food thermometer inserted into the thickest part (0% chose this)
  • Visual inspection only (0% chose this)
  • Tasting a small portion (0% chose this)
  • Checking the color of the steam (0% chose this)
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Which yam species contains toxic compounds that require special processing to remove?
  • Dioscorea alata (water yam) (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea rotundata (white yam) (0% chose this)
  • Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) - some varieties (0% chose this)
  • All domesticated yams are completely non-toxic (0% chose this)
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What toxic compounds might be present in certain wild or bitter yam varieties?
  • Radioactive isotopes (0% chose this)
  • Alkaloids and saponins (0% chose this)
  • Hydrochloric acid (0% chose this)
  • Synthetic pesticides only (0% chose this)
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What processing technique is traditionally used to remove toxins from bitter yam varieties?
  • Exposure to loud music (0% chose this)
  • Treatment with synthetic chemicals (0% chose this)
  • Burial for exactly 30 days (0% chose this)
  • Prolonged soaking and/or repeated boiling with water changes (0% chose this)
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What safety precaution applies to unknown wild yam species?
  • Do not consume without positive identification and knowledge of proper preparation (0% chose this)
  • All wild yams are completely safe to eat raw (0% chose this)
  • Only consume during full moons (0% chose this)
  • Only consume after painting them blue (0% chose this)
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What contamination risk should be managed when growing yams?
  • Risk of yams developing human speech (0% chose this)
  • Risk of yams becoming magnetic (0% chose this)
  • Soil-borne pathogens and chemical contaminants (0% chose this)
  • Risk of yams turning into other vegetables (0% chose this)
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How should tools and surfaces be managed when preparing yams to prevent contamination?
  • Never clean them under any circumstances (0% chose this)
  • Clean and sanitize properly between different foods (0% chose this)
  • Use only tools made of gold (0% chose this)
  • Use the same cutting board for all food preparation (0% chose this)
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What practice helps prevent microbial contamination during yam storage?
  • Storing with all other vegetables mixed together (0% chose this)
  • Storing at warm temperatures (0% chose this)
  • Ensuring high humidity at all times (0% chose this)
  • Proper curing, dry storage, and regular inspection (0% chose this)
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What safety practice is recommended when consuming unfamiliar yam dishes in international travel?
  • Ensuring they are properly cooked and prepared by knowledgeable sources (0% chose this)
  • Avoiding all yam consumption when traveling (0% chose this)
  • Consuming only raw yams when traveling (0% chose this)
  • Testing dishes on travel companions first (0% chose this)
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What sign indicates that a yam may be unsafe to eat?
  • Perfect symmetry (0% chose this)
  • Round shape (0% chose this)
  • Significant soft spots, unusual odor, or visible mold (0% chose this)
  • Brown skin color (0% chose this)
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How should pesticide contamination be prevented when growing yams?
  • Using massive amounts of all available chemicals (0% chose this)
  • Following integrated pest management and approved chemical usage guidelines (0% chose this)
  • Never controlling any pests (0% chose this)
  • Applying household cleaning products to plants (0% chose this)
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What practice helps ensure safety when preparing wild-collected yams?
  • Collecting only during full moons (0% chose this)
  • Collecting only from public parks (0% chose this)
  • Avoiding positive identification (0% chose this)
  • Learning to properly identify species and understand their preparation requirements (0% chose this)
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